If the web root contains no status/index.php file, I donβt believe a request to /status would be sent to PHP-FPM at all with your configuration; bear in mind that the php preset indicates that fastcgi should operate in either of these circumstances:
The requested file ends in .php, or;
The requested directory contains index.php
The above train of thought was what led me to recommend omitting the php preset for the /status endpoint in the previous thread, since doing so will simply send all requests under that base path directly to PHP-FPM.
After some quick research, it seems like everyone recommends setting the fastcgi_params manually in nginx to $document_root$fastcgi_script_name. Iβm not sure what exactly that would resolve to, but you could possibly try in your Caddyfule some variations of env SCRIPT_FILENAME /path/to/webroot/status, maybe /status/index.php, etc?