Just this folder from your docker-compose.yml in your original post:
You can just bring the Caddy container down and then move the entire folder, like:
mv /docker/caddy/data{,.bak}
Or similar, to keep it on hand but force Caddy to generate everything else fresh.
Remove restart: unless-stopped for this run and then docker compose up caddy (with no -d flag) to run it in the foreground, capture the log output, and see if it looks good. If it’s good, CTRL+C out and then compose it up again with -d. If it’s bad, post the logs here.